![]() ![]() The Fourteenth Amendment was enacted, in part, because of concerns about the civil rights of African Americans after the Civil War. Eric Foner, Abraham Lincoln, the Thirteenth Amendment, and the Problem of Freedom, 15 Geo. jurisdictions by the time of ratification, the Thirteenth Amendment freed some slaves in Delaware and Kentucky. Although slavery had already been abolished in most U.S. The Amendment attained the threshold for ratification and entry into force on December 6, 1865. 774, 775 (1865) (proclamation by Secretary of State William H. 3 Bruce Ackerman, Constitutional Politics/Constitutional Law, 99 Yale L.J. ![]() Zietlow, James Ashley, the Great Strategist of the Thirteenth Amendment, 15 Geo. See also Amdt14.S1.1.1 Historical Background on Citizenship Clause through Amdt14.S1.1.2 Citizenship Clause Doctrine Amdt15.1 Overview of Fifteenth Amendment, Right of Citizens to Vote through Amdt15.S2.2 Federal Remedial Legislation.Ī Resolution Submitting to the Legislatures of the Several States a Proposition to Amend the Constitution of the United States, collId=llsl&fileName=013/llsl013.db&recNum=596. at 293 (Goldberg, J., concurring) ( “A review of the relevant congressional debates reveals that the concept of civil rights which lay at the heart both of the contemporary legislative proposals and of the Fourteenth Amendment encompassed the right to equal treatment in public places-a right explicitly recognized to be a ‘civil’ rather than a ‘social’ right.” ). ![]() 6 Footnote See, e.g., Act of April 9, 1866, ch. Concerns that the Thirteenth Amendment did not sufficiently protect African Americans from various forms of discrimination led the Reconstruction-era Congress to enact civil rights legislation and propose the language that became the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution. Pol’y 59, 62 (2017).Īlthough the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, state governments and private individuals continued to discriminate against African Americans and deny them equal rights under the law. ![]() Secretary of State William Seward proclaimed the states’ ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment on December 18, 1865. 3 Footnote Bruce Ackerman, Constitutional Politics/Constitutional Law, 99 Yale L.J. Vice President Andrew Johnson succeeded to the presidency and successfully pressured several southern states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment as a condition of rejoining the Union. On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln, one of the Amendment’s foremost proponents, was assassinated. A Resolution Submitting to the Legislatures of the Several States a Proposition to Amend the Constitution of the United States, collId=llsl&fileName=013/llsl013.db&recNum=596. ![]()
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